Deportation to Laos

This FAQ (frequently asked questions) is an ongoing live resource document from returnees who currently reside in Laos. The purpose of this document is to offer a practical guide informed by real world challenges, complex processes, and adaptations faced by individuals navigating and adjusting to life after deportation in current day Laos. The information is consistently researched, verified, and updated by a team through a joint effort between Collective Freedom Laos Project and ROOTS (Returnee Reintegration, Outreach, Opportunity, Transition Support) based in Vientiane, Laos. For questions regarding this FAQ, please reach out to rootslaos@gmail.com. 

Disclaimer: Information shared in this FAQ is only intended to be a resource guide and should not be used to provide or replace any legal counsel. Please seek legal counsel and consult with licensed Lao attorneys based in Laos to ensure individuals fully understand and abide by the current rules, regulations, and laws of the government of Laos which may change and evolve (this includes local village, district, provincial). 

What happens when returnees land on Laos soil?
Upon arrival, returnees are typically met by immigration officials at the airport. The specific process can vary, but generally involves:

• Processing at Immigration: Officials will review travel documents and verify identity. This may include taking fingerprints and photographs.

• Interview and Screening: Returnees may undergo interviews to determine their background, reasons for deportation, and plans for staying in Laos. The interview will be conducted at the facility and may take approximately 1 to 3 hours depending on the case. 

• Release or Further Action: Depending on the outcome of the screening, individuals may be held for further processing at the temporary facility. 

• Documentation: Returnees will typically be provided with some form of temporary identification or documentation, which may include details about their immigration status or any conditions for their stay.

Do returnees need a sponsor in order to be released from the facility?
Yes, returnees need to be sponsored by family members, relatives, or anyone who’s willing to sponsor them to be released from the temporary facility. 

What documents do the Laos government  give returnees when they land in Laos?
Upon arrival in Laos, returnees are typically provided with temporary identification or documentation by immigration officials. This documentation may include details about their immigration status and any specific conditions related to their stay in Laos. The exact form and content of these documents can vary. It is important to keep these documents safe and readily accessible as they will be crucial for navigating daily life and proving legal status within the country.

How does the Laos government treat returnees?
The Lao government's treatment of returnees, can vary, but generally focuses on their reintegration into society. While the initial processing upon arrival involves immigration officials and potential temporary detention for identity verification and interviews, the overarching approach is to facilitate their return and establishment within Laos.

Key aspects of their treatment include:

• Initial Processing and Documentation: Upon landing, returnees are met by immigration officials, undergo identity verification, and may be interviewed. They are typically provided with temporary identification or documentation outlining their immigration status and conditions for their stay.

• Temporary Facilities and Sponsorship: Individuals may be transferred to temporary facilities for further processing. Release from these facilities often requires sponsorship from family members, relatives, or willing individuals.

• Encouragement of Integration: The government encourages returnees to register with local authorities (like village chiefs and district offices) to facilitate their reintegration, including obtaining permanent identification, securing housing, and accessing services.

• No Dedicated Returnee Office: While there isn't a specific government office solely for returnees, various ministries (e.g., Foreign Affairs, Public Security) and local authorities can offer guidance on identification and legal status.

• Focus on Self-Sufficiency: The expectation is that returnees will adapt and become self-sufficient. This includes navigating the job market, which often involves agriculture, manual labor, or potentially hospitality and English teaching, especially for those with language skills.

• Cultural and Social Adaptation: The government generally expects returnees to adapt to Lao culture, social norms, and the local language. While not directly enforced, adherence to local customs, including respectful attire and discretion regarding tattoos, is encouraged for smoother integration.

• Challenges and Support: While the government aims for reintegration, returnees may face challenges such as discrimination, culture shock, and difficulties accessing certain services. The government's role is primarily administrative, with practical and social support often stemming from family networks, local communities, and non-governmental organizations.

In summary, the Lao government treats returnees as citizens or individuals requiring re-establishment within the country, providing the necessary administrative processes for their legal status and encouraging their integration into society.

Do returnees need to check in with Local authorities and/or Laos Government after being released from the facility?
Yes, returnees are generally expected to report to government authorities, particularly local ones, after being released from a temporary facility and settling into a community. This is part of the reintegration process and helps establish their presence and legal status in Laos.

Key authorities they typically report to include:

• Village Chief (Naiban): This is often the first and most crucial point of contact at the local level. The village chief plays a significant role in local administration, community affairs, and maintaining records of residents. Registering with the village chief is essential for establishing residency, which is a prerequisite for many other administrative processes, including obtaining permanent identification. Returnees are required to check in with the Village Chief (where their sponsor resides) once every three months. 

• District Office (Muang): Returnees may also need to register at the district level, which oversees several villages. This level of administration is important for formal documentation and accessing certain services.

• Other Government Ministries (as needed): While there isn't a single "returnee office," specific ministries like the Ministry of Public Security or Ministry of Foreign Affairs may be involved in clarifying identification, legal status, or other complex issues.

Reporting to these authorities is important for:

• Formal Registration: To be officially acknowledged as a resident and begin the process of obtaining permanent identification.

• Accessing Services: Without proper registration, accessing public services like healthcare, education, or even formal employment can be very difficult.

• Compliance with Laws: It ensures they are adhering to Lao laws and regulations regarding residency and immigration.

• Community Integration: It helps local authorities and communities be aware of their presence and can facilitate smoother integration into daily life.

What kind of the rights do returnees have in Laos? 
While returnees are treated as citizens upon re-establishment, specific codified "rights" in the same way as, for example, a Bill of Rights, are not explicitly detailed as a separate set of entitlements specifically for deportees. Instead, their rights generally align with those of any Lao citizen, subject to their legal status (temporary vs. permanent ID) and ongoing integration.

Key considerations regarding their rights include:

• Legal Status and Documentation: The primary right is to obtain legal identification and status within Laos. Initial temporary documentation is provided, with the pathway to a permanent ID being crucial for formal rights and access to services.

• Freedom of Movement: Once released and having obtained appropriate documentation, returnees generally have the right to move freely within Laos, subject to standard regulations for all citizens.

• Access to Basic Services (with caveats): While not explicitly a "right" unique to returnees, they can access public services like healthcare and education, though this often requires permanent identification, and challenges like cost, language barriers, and availability exist.

• Protection under Lao Law: Returnees are subject to and protected by Lao law, meaning they are expected to abide by national regulations and are entitled to legal processes if issues arise.

• Right to Family Reunification: While not always straightforward, mechanisms exist for family members to join returnees, often requiring sponsorship and adherence to immigration procedures.

• Employment and Economic Activity: Once they have appropriate documentation and residence, returnees have the right to seek employment and engage in economic activities, though the job market can be challenging.

• Cultural and Religious Freedom: Within the bounds of Lao law and cultural norms, returnees generally have the freedom to practice their culture and religion.

It's important to note that the practical realization of these rights can be influenced by factors such as whether they have obtained a permanent ID, their ability to navigate bureaucratic processes, their financial situation, and the level of integration into local communities. There isn't a special legal framework granting additional "returnee rights"; rather, the focus is on their reintegration as citizens with the standard rights and responsibilities that entails.

Are there office returnees who can go to for help?
For help in Laos, while no single government office caters solely to returnees, several entities can assist. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Public Security may offer guidance or manage identification. Humanitarian aid can be found through the Lao Red Cross, while various INGOs and local groups may aid with housing, employment, or integration. Village chiefs and local authorities are key for community registration and basic support. Returnees should leverage local community and family networks to navigate available resources.

It is highly recommended that returnees seek out local community support, family members, or trusted individuals who can help navigate the system and identify the most appropriate resources.

How do returnees get a permanent ID?
Obtaining a permanent ID in Laos as a returnee is a multi-step, often lengthy process. Initially, temporary documentation is provided upon arrival. Returnees must then register with local authorities (village chief, district office) for guidance on permanent ID paperwork. Required documents typically include temporary ID, proof of residence, birth certificate (if applicable), photos, and possibly a local sponsor letter. Applications are submitted to the Ministry of Public Security or equivalent. Processing can take weeks to months. Challenges include language barriers and unfamiliarity with the system; local assistance is highly recommended. The ID type may depend on citizenship status. Seeking help from community organizations or experienced individuals is advised for a smoother process.

It is advisable to seek assistance from local community organizations or trusted individuals who have experience with these procedures to ensure a smoother process.

How do returnees get their driver license?
Returnees in Laos can get a driver's license by following steps similar to locals, with added considerations. They need valid ID (preferably permanent), must be 18+, and apply at the Department of Transport with documents like proof of residence and a medical certificate. A written test on Lao traffic laws and a practical driving test are required, followed by fee payment. Key challenges include the language barrier, bureaucracy, and the need for local assistance. Driving culture differs, and motorbike licenses are common. With preparation and local support, returnees can successfully obtain a license.

Can returnees rent a place to live after being released from the temporary facility?
Yes, returnees can rent a place to live after being released from the temporary facility. Renting is generally more feasible than buying property in Laos for foreign nationals, including returnees, as Lao law restricts land ownership. You will likely rely on local connections, especially initially, due to a lack of a permanent ID. Temporary accommodation and registration with the local village authorities are essential. Informal agreements for renting are common, but it's important to maintain your temporary legal status.

It is highly recommended to prioritize obtaining your permanent ID as soon as possible, as this will significantly ease processes like renting, finding employment, and accessing services. In the meantime, leveraging local support networks is key.

How can I get a phone in Laos?
Getting a cell phone in Laos as a returnee is straightforward. You can buy new or used phones, and easily purchase a prepaid SIM card from major providers (Lao Telecom, Unitel, M-Phone) at various shops. SIM card registration requires ID, possibly using temporary immigration documents.

Costs: Basic phones are USD 15-40, used smartphones USD 50-200+, new entry-level smartphones USD 100-300+. SIM cards are around USD 1-3. Data packages range from USD 2-10/month, with monthly top-ups for moderate use at USD 5-15.

Tips: Use temporary ID for SIM registration, seek local help if needed, start with a basic phone, and prioritize data for internet-based communication to save on international calls.

What apps do I need?
Returning to Laos necessitates the installation of several key applications for effective communication, navigation, and the facilitation of daily life. Essential messaging platforms include Signal, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and LINE. For social media engagement, Facebook and TikTok are widely utilized. Navigation is greatly assisted by Google Maps and Maps.me. To overcome language barriers, Google Translate proves invaluable. For transportation services, Loca is a prominent choice, while Foodpanda is available for deliveries. Upon establishing residency and opening an account, BCEL One offers essential mobile banking functionalities. The recommended translation app for Laos is SayMe. It is imperative to acquire a local SIM card to ensure consistent internet access, leverage the offline capabilities of relevant applications, and seek further recommendations from local residents. 

How easy will it be to call and contact returnees' families in the US once they land in Laos?
Contacting family in the US after deportation to Laos can be challenging due to initial detention, difficulty getting a phone and SIM, call/data costs, variable internet access, significant time differences, and inconsistent power. To stay connected, pre-arrange a contact plan, seek local assistance for phone/internet, use internet cafes/Wi-Fi hotspots, prioritize low-cost calling apps, and leverage local sponsors/family. While it may not be as easy as simply picking up a phone, with patience and assistance, regular contact with family in the US is achievable.

What kind of transportation do returnees use in Laos?
Returnees in Laos use various transportation methods depending on location, finances, and access. Options include walking, motorbikes/scooters (very popular), tuk-tuks/jumbos, bicycles, buses/songthaews, and boats (especially on rivers). Taxis are less common outside major cities. Initially, returnees rely on walking, public transport, or family rides; a motorbike often becomes a priority for independence once stable.

Can returnees bring with them to Laos?
Returnees entering Laos face airline and customs restrictions, requiring prioritization of essential items.

What to Bring:

• Documents: ID, deportation records, copies of vital personal documents.

• Health: Essential prescription medications (with doctor's note) and basic toiletries.

• Clothing/Footwear: Lightweight, comfortable clothing and durable shoes suitable for a tropical climate.

• Money: Small amount of Lao Kip or USD.

• Electronics: Chargers and adapters for Type A, B, C, E, F outlets (230V/50Hz).

• Contacts: Written list of important phone numbers.

• Comfort Items: Small, non-contraband sentimental items (e.g., photos).

What to Avoid (or Research):

• Prohibited Items: Drugs, firearms, explosives, pornography, culturally offensive materials.

• Restricted Items: Certain medications (without documentation), large cash sums (over $10,000 without declaration), specific electronics.

• Valuables: Expensive jewelry, high-end electronics, excessive cash.

• Perishables: Generally not allowed.

• Excessive Luggage: Adhere to airline weight limits to avoid fees.

If  people who do not want to be detained or are concerned about being sent to a 3rd country, how can they self-repatriate now?
Self-repatriation, or voluntary return, allows people who received removal orders to return to their home country (e.g., Laos) by choice, coordinating with immigration authorities and the Laos embassy. This involves contacting immigration, securing travel documents from the embassy, arranging travel, informing family, and understanding return conditions. Procedures vary by host country; legal advice is recommended.

What can the Collective Freedom-Laos Project and ROOTS do to support returnees?
The Collective Freedom-Laos Project and ROOTS can provide crucial support to returnees through various avenues:

• Pre-Departure Orientation and Counseling: Offering information sessions about what to expect upon arrival in Laos, including cultural norms, legal processes, and practical tips for daily life. This can help manage expectations and reduce anxiety.

• Advocacy and Liaison: Acting as a point of contact and advocate with immigration authorities in both the host country and Laos to help streamline processes, clarify documentation, and address individual concerns.

• Networking and Community Connection: Facilitating connections with other returnees and local Lao communities to build support networks, share experiences, and access informal assistance.

• Resource Referral: Connecting returnees with organizations, government offices, or individuals in Laos that can assist with housing, employment, legal aid, healthcare, and social integration.

• Post-Arrival Support: Providing guidance on obtaining permanent identification, navigating the local economy, finding suitable accommodation, and accessing essential services like mobile phones and banking.

• Addressing Social and Emotional Challenges: Offering or referring to services that address the psychological impact of deportation and culture shock, helping individuals adapt to their new environment and cope with potential discrimination.

• Language and Cultural Assistance: Providing resources or guidance for learning basic Lao, understanding cultural nuances, and navigating communication barriers.

• Employment and Livelihood Support: Helping identify potential job opportunities, employment and financial workshops, offering advice on local work culture, and connecting individuals with entrepreneurial resources if applicable. 

• Transitional Housing Support: Assisting returnees in finding safe and suitable temporary housing options upon release from facilities, and guiding them towards more permanent accommodation.

• Sponsorship and Family Reunification Support: Assisting with the process of securing local sponsors for release from facilities and exploring avenues for family reunification, providing legal and logistical guidance.

• Care package: Providing soap, shampoo, toothbrush, toothpaste, deodorants, undergarments, toilet papers, a small towel, and any essential feminine hygiene, lightweight, comfortable, and modest clothing suitable for a tropical climate, and durable, comfortable walking shoes and/or sandals.

How am I going to survive in Laos?
Returnees can survive in Laos by leveraging family networks, securing permanent ID, and seeking local assistance. Key steps include careful budgeting, exploring diverse employment (even agricultural), adapting to local conditions, and learning basic Lao. Essential apps for communication and navigation are vital. Prioritize housing and a local SIM card post-release, and maintain health. Resilience and proactivity are crucial for building a new life.

What can I do to prepare myself for the future?
Returnees preparing for life in Laos should prioritize financial planning, language acquisition, and skill development. They should research local resources, prepare for potential mental and emotional challenges, and secure necessary documentation. Additionally, understanding Lao culture and addressing health needs are crucial for a smooth transition.

Is it true that returnees are discriminated against by local Lao people?
The process of returning to Laos can be challenging for many returnees, and unfortunately, some individuals may indeed face discrimination or stigma from local Lao people. This discrimination often stems from a combination of factors related to their background, past experiences, and a perceived "foreignness." While some communities may be more welcoming than others, the underlying challenges of overcoming prejudice and adapting to a vastly different social and cultural environment remain a substantial obstacle for many returnees in Laos. 

While some initial prejudice or stigma might exist due to their status as returnees or their foreign upbringing, demonstrating good behavior can help mitigate these challenges and facilitate smoother integration. With consistent positive conduct is the most effective way for returnees to build trust, gain acceptance, and improve their daily interactions and overall quality of life in Laos.

Would it be a problem if returnees have tattoos?
Tattoos are increasingly accepted in urban Laos, especially by younger generations, but traditional views still exist. Returnees with tattoos should be culturally sensitive and consider covering visible tattoos in conservative environments, as some imagery or placements might be viewed negatively. Tattoos can also affect employment and personal interactions, though they are not illegal. Discretion is advised for smoother integration. We encourage returnees to cover tattoos that are gang, violence, drug related, and culturally inappropriate, and three elephants (the Laos government does not look favorably upon it) when in public. 

What should returnees wear in Laos?
Laos has a tropical climate, so lightweight, breathable clothing is essential. Respectful attire is important, especially when visiting temples or religious sites. Generally, modest clothing that covers shoulders and knees is advisable. For daily wear, comfortable cotton or linen clothing is ideal.

What if I have asthma, diabetes, or some other chronic physical or psychological conditions?
Navigating healthcare in Laos for returnees with chronic physical or psychological conditions requires careful planning. Key steps include an initial medical assessment and documentation of existing conditions and prescriptions, ideally translated into Lao. Healthcare facilities range from affordable public hospitals (with better options in Vientiane) to more expensive private or international clinics. Medication access can be inconsistent for specialized drugs, and local prescriptions are necessary for chronic conditions. Mental health support is limited, often relying on family and community. Challenges include language barriers, financial costs (as healthcare is not free), and limited insurance options. Recommendations include bringing an initial supply of essential medications, finding a local doctor promptly, educating oneself and family about the condition, and proactively seeking regular medical attention.

If returnees don’t really know much about Lao’s culture. What is the “culture shock” and should they worry about that?
When returning to Laos, returnees often experience various forms of culture shock, which can be challenging to navigate. They face culture shock from language barriers, differing social norms, a slower pace of life, economic disparities, unfamiliar food, varied infrastructure, complex family dynamics, and potential discrimination. These challenges necessitate preparation and support for smoother integration.

What if I don’t know how to speak Lao’s national language?
Knowing the Lao language is incredibly beneficial for daily life and integration for returnees.  Here's what returnees can expect and how to manage:

• Learning is highly recommended: Even a basic understanding of common phrases will significantly improve your experience, help you navigate, and show respect for the local culture.

• English proficiency varies: In major cities like Vientiane and Luang Prabang, and in areas catering to tourists, you'll find more people who speak some English, particularly in hotels, restaurants, and tour agencies. However, outside these areas, English is much less common.

• Reliance on gestures and translation apps: Be prepared to use gestures, pointing, and translation apps on your phone (like Google Translate) to communicate.

• Finding English speakers: When possible, seek out younger people or those working in tourism-related industries, as they are more likely to have some English skills.

• Language exchange and classes: Consider taking a few Lao language lessons upon arrival, or seek out language exchange opportunities to practice with locals. This can also be a great way to meet people.

• Impact on employment: For job opportunities outside of tourism or teaching English, a lack of Lao language skills will be a significant barrier. Many formal sector jobs require proficiency in the local language.

What kind of money/currency are used?
In Laos, three currencies are commonly used; the Lao Kip (LAK), the US Dollar (USD), and the Thai Baht (THB). USD1 = LAK8800 (approximately). Lao Kip (Lao money) is used for most small purchases, and is used more commonly in the countryside, while US dollars are sometimes used for larger purchases. The kip is primarily used for everyday transactions within Laos. Foreign currencies, particularly the US dollar and Thai baht, are also accepted in some areas, especially in tourist regions. You can withdraw funds from an ATM via Cash App and other legal money transfers. All ATMs in Laos charge a withdrawal fee.  

What’s the process of withdrawing cash/funds using ATMs in Laos?
Returnees can use ATMs in Laos, primarily for withdrawing funds from international cards, including those linked to services like Cash App or other legal money transfer platforms. Here's what to expect:

• Currency Withdrawal: ATMs in Laos primarily dispense Lao Kip (LAK). While some may offer USD withdrawals, it's less common and typically for larger sums.

• Fees: All ATMs in Laos charge a withdrawal fee. This fee varies between banks and can be significant for frequent withdrawals. It's advisable to withdraw larger amounts less frequently to minimize these charges.

• Card Compatibility: Most ATMs accept international Visa and MasterCard debit and credit cards. Look for the logos displayed on the ATM.

• Daily Limits: Be aware of daily withdrawal limits imposed by both the Lao banks and your own card's issuing bank.

• Security: Use ATMs in well-lit, secure locations, preferably inside bank branches or shopping centers. Be vigilant for card skimmers or suspicious activity.

• Cash App/Money Transfer Services: If you receive funds via Cash App or similar platforms, you'll need to link your Cash App card to a local bank account or use an ATM that supports international debit card withdrawals. Ensure your Cash App card is enabled for international transactions.

• Availability: ATMs are widely available in major cities like Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Savannakhet, as well as in other provincial capitals and tourist areas. However, their availability may be limited in rural areas.

• Documentation: While not typically required for ATM use, always carry your temporary or permanent ID in Laos, as it's a good practice.

• Language: ATM interfaces often have English language options.

It is always recommended to have some local currency (Lao Kip) on hand, especially for smaller purchases and in less touristy areas, as not all vendors accept cards or foreign currency. Returnees cannot open a bank account with a temporary ID. 

Is the water and food safe to consume?
In general, the safety of water and food in Laos varies by location and preparation methods. Tap water is not safe to drink, and it's advisable to use bottled, boiled water, water purification tablets, or purchase a portable water filter to filter the water before drinking.  

Lao food is generally quite safe to eat. Street food can be safe if cooked thoroughly and served hot. Choose freshly prepared foods and avoid raw or undercooked items to avoid food poisoning or illnesses. 

What kind of job can returnees get in Laos?
The job market in Laos can be challenging, especially for returnees who may face language barriers and limited professional networks. Many deportees find opportunities in:

• Agriculture: This is a significant sector in Laos, and some returnees with agricultural backgrounds or a willingness to learn new skills may find work in farming.

• Manual Labor: Construction, factory work, and other forms of manual labor are often available, though wages may be low.

• Hospitality and Tourism: In areas with established tourism, there might be opportunities for roles that require English proficiency, such as in hotels, guesthouses, or as tour guides, though competition can be high.

• Teaching English: If you have strong English language skills and a willingness to teach, there may be demand for English instructors, particularly in private language schools or as tutors.

• Entrepreneurship: Some returnees leverage their business acumen or connections to start small businesses, such as shops, restaurants, or services. However, this requires capital and knowledge of local regulations.

It's important to understand that formal sector jobs may require specific qualifications, permits, and a good grasp of the Lao language. Networking within the community and seeking assistance from local organizations can be crucial for finding and sustaining employment. Please feel free to reach out to us for support.